Comment fonctionnent les chauffe-eau à pompe à chaleur ?

Comment fonctionnent les chauffe-eau à pompe à chaleur ?

Heat pump technology is perhaps better known for heating and cooling air, but it»s also an ultra-efficient solution to water chauffage.

Les chauffe-eau à pompe à chaleur fonctionnent à l’électricité et fonctionnent en déplaçant la chaleur de l’air ambiant pour chauffer l’eau dans un réservoir de stockage. Un ventilateur aspire l'air ambiant et le souffle à travers les serpentins de l'évaporateur remplis de réfrigérant. Le réfrigérant réchauffé est ensuite pompé à travers un compresseur pour augmenter sa pression et sa température avant de traverser les serpentins du condenseur pour transférer la chaleur à l'eau. Une fois refroidi, le réfrigérant retourne aux serpentins de l’évaporateur pour répéter le processus.

By transferring heat rather than creating it, heat pump water heaters require less energy to operate. Compared to standard electric or gas models, they deliver around three times more efficiency . The process of transferring heat from the ambient air to the water tank also dehumidifies the surrounding space.

Heat pump water heaters pull heat out of the surrounding air to heat water, rather than relying on electricity or gas to generate heat. In other words, they move energy instead of generating it. This is similar to a refrigerator, an air conditioner, and heat pumps used for space heating and cooling.As researchers at the Department of Energy put it, “Heat pumps work like a refrigerator in reverse. A refrigerator pulls heat from inside a box and dumps it into the surrounding room. A stand-alone air-source heat pump water heater pulls heat from the surrounding air and dumps it — at a higher temperature — into a tank to heat water.”Source: JIADELÉ most heat pump water heaters include a backup electric resistance heater in case the surrounding air temperature isn’t warm enough. That’s why these are also called hybrid water heaters (hybrid = both heat pump + electric resistance).Because they use surrounding air, heat pump water heaters should ideally be placed in an area of your home that remains in the 40º–90ºF (4.4º–32.2ºC) range year-round. Examples include a mechanical room, garage, crawl space, or unfinished basement.They also need 700 cubic feet (28.3 cubic meters) of air space around the water heater in order to work.